Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycosides against atherosclerotic inflammation through NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycosides on the inflammatory response of apolipoprotein E~(-/-)(ApoE~(-/-)) mice and RAW264.7 cells through nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) signaling pathway. In the in vivo experiment, ApoE~(-/-) mice were fed with high-fat diets for 12 weeks to induce the animal model of atherosclerosis, and 75 μg·mL~(-1) oxidized low-density lipoprotein(Ox-LDL) incubated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h to establish the atherosclerosis cell model. Automatic biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), Western blot, and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were used to determine the blood lipid levels, aortic intimal thickness, inflammatory factor content, NF-κB pathway-related proteins, and mRNA expression levels, and evaluate arterial atherosclerotic lesions and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of the drug. The model of atherosclerosis was successfully established in ApoE~(-/-) mice after 12 weeks of feeding with high-fat diets. In the model group, the plasma levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were increased(P<0.01), the intima of the blood vessels was thickened, the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were increased, and the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB and inhibitor of NF-κB(IκBα) were significantly increased as compared with the control group. Compared with the model group, the high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycoside group decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, reduced the plaque area and thickness and the content of inflammatory factor TNF-α, and inhibited the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB and IκBα, with the effect same as Buyang Huanwu Decoction. In the in vivo experiment, 75 μg·mL~(-1) Ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h to successfully establish a foam cell model. As compared with the control group, the nuclear amount of NF-κB and the protein and mRNA expressions of IκBα in the model group increased. Compared with the model group, the middle-dose and high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycoside groups decreased the nuclear amount of NF-κB and the protein and mRNA expressions of IκBα. The above results show that the glycosides are the main effective substances of Buyang Huanwu Decoction against atherosclerosis, which inhibit the NF-κB pathway and reduce the inflammatory response, thus playing the role against atherosclerotic inflammation same as Buyang Huanwu Decoction.

Anti-Allergic Rhinitis Mechanism of Bikangfu via Regulation of IL-35/STAT3， Inhibition of Eosinophil Activation and Improvement of Immune Function / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of interleukin-35（IL-35）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3）inhibition of eosinophil activation against allergic rhinitis（AR） by Bifukang. MethodOne hundred patients were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group，50 cases in each group. The control group was given mometasone furoate nasal spray，and the treatment group was given Bifukang by nasal packing. The course of treatment was 28 days. The clinical efficacy，nasal classification and visual analogue scale（VAS） score of the two groups were observed before and after treatment. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors ［interleukin（IL）-4，IL-10，IL-17，IL-35］ and Eotaxin and CC chemokine receptor-3（CCR3）in serum and nasal secretion of the two groups. The expression levels of STAT1，STAT3 and STAT4 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）.The content of immunoglobulin G（IgG） and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+were detected by ELISA and flow cytometry. ResultAfter treatment， compared with before treatment， the levels of IL-4 and IL-17 in serum and nasal secretion in 2 groups were decreased， while the levels of IL-10 and IL-35 were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of STAT1， STAT2 and STAT3 in nasal secretions were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. IgG and CD4+/CD8+ were decreased， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05， P<0.01）.After treatment，compared with the control group，the levels of IL-4 and IL-17 in serum and nasal secretions of the treatment group were decreased，while the levels of IL-10 and IL-35 were increased （P<0.05）. The expression of STAT1，STAT3 and STAT4 in the treatment group was significantly inhibited compared with the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. In addition， the post-treatment serum CD4+/CD8+ and immunoglobulin G （IgG） levels were reduced in the treatment group compared with those of the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. During the treatment，there were no abnormal changes in heart，liver，kidney function and routine blood and urine tests in the two groups. ConclusionBifukang has a good effect on allergic rhinitis，and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of IL-35/STAT3 pathway，the inhibition of eosinophil activation and the improvement of related immune function.

Effect of Koumine on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells via ROS/JNK/FoxO3a Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect and underlying mechanism of koumine （Kou） at different concentrations （0， 100， 200， 400 μmol·L^-1） on the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. Method:After 24 hours of<italic> in vitro</italic> intervention with HCT-116 cells by Kou， cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect its effect on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle， apoptosis， and reactive oxygen species （ROS） expression. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of forkhead box O3a （FoxO3a）. Cells were transfected with small interfering ribonucleic acid （siRNA）. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of the FoxO3a target gene. Result:Compared with the conditions in the blank group， Kou treatment reduced the proliferation rate of HCT-116 cells （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01） in a dose-dependent manner， caused cell cycle arrest in the G₀/G₁ phase， and induced the apoptosis of HCT-116 cells （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， which was positively correlated with the concentration of Kou. FoxO3a siRNA interference reduced the expression of FoxO3a and its downstream target genes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （p21）， cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B （p27）， and Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death （Bim） （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Kou treatment induced the activation of c-Jun <italic>N</italic>-terminal kinase （JNK） in HCT116 cells. SP600125 （JNK specific inhibitor） treatment inhibited the Kou-induced FoxO3a activation and the expression of its downstream target genes. <italic>N</italic>-acetyl cysteine （NAC） treatment reduced Kou-induced ROS levels （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and JNK signal activation. The above results were significantly different from those in the blank group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Kou can effectively inhibit the proliferation of HCT-116 cells and promote apoptosis， and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of the ROS/JNK/FoxO3a pathway.

The association between the frequency of prenatal care in childbearing aged women and risk of small for gestational age among neonatal twins in Shaanxi Province / 中华预防医学杂志

To explore the association between the frequency of prenatal care in childbearing aged women and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) among neonatal twins in Shaanxi Province. From July to December 2013, a total of 30 027 childbearing aged women, who were pregnant from January 2010 to November 2013 and had definite outcomes, were selected from 30 districts (counties) of Shaanxi Province by using the multi-stage random sampling method. The questionnaires with a face-to-face survey method were used to retrospectively collect demographic information, pregnancy history, lifestyle during pregnancy, disease history, nutritional supplements, and health care during pregnancy. Information on the gestational age and birth weight of the newborn were obtained by consulting the medical certificate of birth and were registered as twin A and twin B by birth order. Finally, 356 childbearing aged women and their twin babies with complete data were included in the analysis. A generalized estimation equation model was used to analyze the association between the frequency of prenatal care and the risk of SGA among neonatal twins. The age of childbearing aged women was (27.44±4.68) years old, of which 79.49% (283 women) were rural residents and 44.38% (158 women) had seven or more times prenatal care. The gestational age and birth weight were (37.64±2.51) weeks and (2 510±497) g, respectively. The prevalence of SGA was 51.40% (183/356) for twin A and 53.37% (190/356) for twin B, respectively. The prevalence of SGA was 44.30% (70/158) for twin A with seven or more times prenatal care and 42.41% (67/158) for twin B with seven or more times prenatal care, which was lower than that for twins with less than seven times prenatal care, respectively [57.07% (113/198) and 62.12% (123/198)] ( values were 0.017 and <0.001). The results of generalized estimation equation model suggested that compared to those with less than seven times prenatal care, after adjusting for parity, birth order, place of residence, maternal age, occupation, education, family wealth index, passive smoking, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, folic acid, and iron supplement during perinatal period, and gender of the newborn, the (95) of risk of SGA among childbearing aged women with seven or more times prenatal care was 0.60 (0.40-0.91). Seven or more times prenatal care could reduce the risk of SGA among neonatal twins in Shanxi Province.

Indoor air quality in classrooms of primary and secondary schools during autumn and winter in Hangzhou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand indoor air quality in middle and primary schools of Hangzhou in autumn and winter seasons, and to provide references of promoting indoor air quality of schools.@*Methods@#Totally 33 classrooms of 11 schools in urban area were selected into study during Sept.2018 to Jan.2019. Daily measurements of PM2.5 and CO2 were performed in selected classes during school working time by air quality monitors. Totally, monitoring data of 35 964 hours were analyzed using univariate and multiplicity analysis for PM2.5 and CO2 level, variability and possible influence factors.@*Results@#In autumn and winter, hourly average values of classroom PM2.5 and CO2 concentration level in Hangzhou were between 35.30 to 74.65 μg/m3 and between 949.17 to 2 029.98 mg/m3, respectively. The concentration levels of PM2.5 and CO2 were higher with the temperature(F=1 412.84, 775.66, P<0.01). No statistical significance was be found for the difference of PM2.5 concentration among monitoring times. Wave changes in CO2 were observed with time variation PM2.5 and CO2 concentration level of 68.42% monitoring times was complied with standards. School type and temperature correlated with PM2.5 concentration level. The PM2.5 concentration level in senior high school was higher than that in junior high school, while the value in primary school was the minimum(β=0.44, P<0.01). And the PM2.5 concentration increased with the temperature decreased(β=8.31, P<0.01). School type, temperature and monitoring time correlated with CO2 concentration level. CO2 concentration increased with the increase of grade, decrease in temperature and later time during the day(β=213.64, 162.38, P<0.01). The CO2 concentration level in later monitoring time was lower than that in earlier monitoring time(β=-16.28, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Classroom CO2 concentration level in Hangzhou was closed to that in European schools, while PM2.5 concentration level was much higher. Comparing with other cities in China, classroom PM2.5 and CO2 concentration level in Hangzhou is better. The results highlighted that school location, design and routine management should be advanced consideration for good air quality in classroom.

Preparation and evaluation of four kinds of mixed essential oil liposomes in Jieyu Anshen Formula / 中国中药杂志

In order to increase the stability and solubility of essential oil in Jieyu Anshen Formula, this study was to prepare the essential oil into liposomes. In this experiment, the method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency of liposomes was established by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and dextran gel column. The encapsulation efficiency and particle size of liposomes were used as evaluation indexes for single factor investigation and Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the design. Then the optimal formulation of volatile oil liposome was characterized using methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone as index components. Finally, the in vitro transdermal properties of liposomes were studied by modified Franz diffusion cell. The results showed that the concentration of lecithin, the mass ratio of lecithin to volatile oil, and the stirring speed were the three most significant factors affecting the liposome preparation. The optimum formulation of volatile oil liposome was as follows: the concentration of lecithin was 7 g·L~(-1); mass ratio of lecithin to volatile oil was 5∶1; and the stirring speed was 330 r·min~(-1). Under such conditions, the prepared liposomes had blue emulsion light, good fluidity, half translucent, with particle size of(102.6±0.35) nm, Zeta potential of(-17.8±0.306) mV, permeability of(1.67±1.01)%, and stable property if liposome was stored at 4 ℃. 24 h after percutaneous administration, the cumulative osmotic capacity per unit time was(30.485 2±1.238 9),(34.794 8±0.928 3),(26.677 1±1.171 7),(3.066 2±0.175 3) μg·cm~(-2)respectively for methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone. In vitro transdermal behaviors of methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone in liposomes were all consistent with Higuchi equation. The prepared volatile oil liposomes met the relevant quality requirements, providing a reference for further research on preparation of multi-component Chinese medicine essential oil liposomes.

The Mediating Effect of Body Dissatisfaction in Association between Obesity and Dietary Behavior Changes for Weight Loss in Chinese Children / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study was to analyze the mediating effect of body dissatisfaction in correlation between obesity and dietary behavior changes for weight loss (DBCWL).@*METHODS@#A total of 680 primary and middle school students were included in this study. Their body height, weight, and waistline were effectively measured, and they were also evaluated to assess their body dissatisfaction, perception of dietary behaviors, and DBCWL. The correlation among these factors was analyzed using mediating effect models.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.05). Overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and body dissatisfaction significantly increased the risk for DBCWL (OR = 2.57, 2.77, and 1.95, respectively). Overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity significantly increased the risk for body dissatisfaction (OR = 6.00 and 4.70, respectively). Significant mediating effects of body dissatisfaction were observed in correlation between overweight/obesity and DBCWL and between abdominal obesity and DBCWL (OR = 2.20 and 1.92, respectively; P < 0.05), and the proportions of mediating effects among the total effects were 48.89% and 46.60%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Body dissatisfaction might play an important mediating effect in association between DBCWL and obesity, which indicates that guiding children to correctly recognize their body might be more conducive than promoting obese children toward weight loss through dietary behavior changes.

Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on paracetamol-induced acute hepatic injury in mice / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) on paracetamol(APAP)-induced acute hepatic injury in mice and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Thirty mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, GBE low, medium and high-dose(50,100,and 200 mg·kg)groups,with 6 mice in each group. All mice except control group were administered with APAP(300 mg/kg)for one time by intraperitoneal injection. The mice in GBE low, medium and high-dose groups were intragastric administered with GBE for 2 d consecutively, then samples were harvested for analysis. The appearance and pathology of liver were observed. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase(MPO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatic tissue were measured. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, in model group, the appearance and pathology of liver were bad, the levels of ALT,AST,TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were increased significantly(<0.01),the levels of GSH and SOD were decreased while the levels of MDA and MPO were increased in hepatic tissue(<0.01), the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased in hepatic tissue(<0.05). Compared with model group, in GBE groups, the appearance and pathology of liver were improved, the levels of ALT,AST,TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were decreased significantly(<0.01), the levels of GSH and SOD were increased while the levels of MDA and MPO were decreased in hepatic tissue(<0.01), the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased in hepatic tissue(<0.05). The high-dose of GBE possessed the most obvious treatment effect among them.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GBE may play a protective role in APAP-induced acute hepatic injury through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Study on Optimization of Formulation Matrix of Processed Aconitum carmichaelii Hydrogel Patch and Its in vitro Drug Release / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize formulation matrix of processed Aconitum carmichaelii hydrogel patch,and to investigate its in vitro drug release.METHODS:The ratio of NP700,dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate,tartaric acid and PVP K90 in processed A.carmichaelii hydrogel patch matrix was optimized by central composite design-response surface method (CCD-RSM) with initial adhesion,peel strength and sensory evaluation as evaluation indexes.The modified Franz diffusion cell method was used for in vitro drug release test processed A.carmichaelii hydrogel patch using accumulative release amount of six ester type alkaloids benzene [benzoyl mesaconine (BM),benzoyl aconitum (BA),benzoylhy paconine (BH),mesaconitine (MT),hypaconitine (HT) and aconitine (AT)] as evaluation indexes.RESULTS:The optimal matrix formulation was NP700-dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-tartaric acid-PVP K90 (1.72 ∶ 0.10 ∶ 0.02 ∶ 1.65,m/m/m/m).In validation test,the contents of six ester type alkaloids were 52.77,28.52,28.78,8.81,8.75,8.21 μg/g(RSD＜5％,n=3),comprehensive score was 118.67 ± 1.33 (RSD=4.62％,n=3).The release behavior of BM in vitro conformed to the Higuchi equation.The release behaviors of other 5 alkaloids were consistent with the Higuchi equation.12 h accumulative release amounts of BM,BA,BH,MT,HT and AT were 12.04,2.95,3.55,2.64,2.48,1.97 μg/cm2,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The processed A.carmichaelii hydrogei patch prepared by matrix prescription is good in appearance,adhesion and in vitro release.The research can provide a basis for the development of new dosage form of processed A.carmichaelii.

Preparation and transdermal permeation of triptolide and ferulic acid ethosomes gel / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to prepare triptolide and ferulic acid ethosomes gel, investigate its transdermal permeation, and compare the results with ordinary gel and cream. Improved Franz diffusion cell method was used in the transdermal delivery experiment with rat abdominal skin as in vitro model. The receptor fluid at different time points was collected; ferulic acid concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and triptolide concentration was determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Then the penetration rate, transdermal volume and skin reserve of three dosage forms (hydroplasy gel, ordinary gel, and cream) to investigate the transdermal properties of ferulic acid and triptolide in vitro of triptolide and ferulic acid ethosomes gel. The results showed that the steady penetration rate of ferulic acid was 5.268 5, 8.990 9, 12.042 0 μg·cm⁻² ·h⁻¹ respectively in triptolide and ferulic acid ethosomes gel, ordinary gel and cream; the skin retention was (30.234 8±1.525 4), (20.402 6±0.402 6), (7.635 3±1.094 2) μg·cm⁻² . The steady-state permeation rate of triptolide was 67.238 0, 67.238 0 ng·cm⁻² ·h⁻¹ in triptolide and ferulic acid ethosomes gel, about 1.24 times of cream and 3.28 times of ordinary gel; the skin retention was (371.351 4±35.317 1) ng·cm⁻², about 3.35 times of cream and 5.25 times of ordinary gel. Therefore, the ethosomes gel showed good transdermal absorption property and it may be good for clinical safety administration.

Therapeutic value of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stage colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD) for early stage colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions. Methods Clinical data of 108 patients who received ESD for early stage colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions from December 2016 to June 2017 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were analyzed. The lesion characteristics, postoperative pathological features, intraoperative and postoperative complications and postoperative follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Results The 108 patients all underwent ESD successfully with median operation time of 45 min. The rate of intraoperative perforation and postoperative delayed bleeding was 2. 8％ ( 3/108) and 2. 8％ (3/108), respectively. No postoperative delayed perforation occurred. Postoperative pathology showed that there were 41 cases ( 38. 0％) of tubular adenoma, 4 ( 3. 7％) villous adenoma, 39 ( 36. 1％) villous tubular adenoma [ including 41 ( 38. 0％) low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 16 ( 14. 8％) high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia] , 19 ( 17. 6％) adenocarcinoma, and 5 ( 4. 6％) other types. Among the 19 cases of adenocarcinoma, there were 11 cases of well-differentiated, 5 median-differentiated and 3 low-differentiated. The complete resection rate was 100. 0％ and the en bloc resection rate was 92. 3％ ( 100/108) . The mean follow-up time was 8. 1 months, and no recurrence was found during this period. Conclusion ESD is safe and effective in the treatment of early stage colorectal lesions. It is important to improve preoperative assessment, strengthen surgical skills, analyze postoperative pathological features and regularly follow up to guarantee the treatment quality of ESD.

Establishment of near-infrared on-line monitoring model and determination of endpoint in frying process of Hordei Fructus Germinatus / 中国中药杂志

Hordei Fructus Germinatus has been always used by "stir-frying" as a traditional medicine and the endpoint judgment of "fragrant" and "yellow" has been the focus and difficulty in frying process research. In this study, a quantitative calibration model between index components and NIRS was established in order to rapidly detect the contents of reducing sugar, total amino acids, total flavonoids, A420 and moisture; besides, an endpoint judgment method of frying process was put forward based on the "component change rate". Near-infrared spectra of samples with different frying time were collected, and a quantitative analysis model based on near-infrared spectroscopy was established to optimize the parameters such as spectral pretreatment and modeling band. HCA and PLS-DA were used to study the relationship between component and "stir-frying", and the endpoint of frying process was determined. The established calibration model had a good performance that the correlation coefficients between the predicted results and the actual measured values were both more than 0.9, with predicted relative deviations less than 10%. Hordei Fructus Germinatus with different frying time was divided into 4 categories by HCA analysis. PLS-DA analysis showed that total reducing sugar had a significant contribution to distinguishing the Hordei Fructus Germinatus of different frying time. When the change rate of total reducing sugar was 80%, it could judge that the endpoint of frying had been obtained. Results showed that NIRS could not only quickly and accurately determine the contents of reducing sugar, total amino acid, total flavonoid, A420 and moisture in Hordei Fructus Germinatus samples of different frying time, but also judge the endpoint of frying in the process. This study provided a new method for the evaluation and endpoint judgment of "stir-frying" process in research of traditional Chinese medicine.

Effect of temperature and time on change of carbohydrates in Hordei Germinatus Fructus with frying process / 中草药

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of D-fructose, D-glucose, sucrose, D-maltose, and other four main carbohydrates in Hordei Germinatus Fructus (HGF) by HPLC-ELSD, as well as explore the dynamic changes of reducing sugar and non-reducing sugars in stir-frying process of HGF and provide scientific basis for clarifying the mechanism of digestion effect of HGF. Methods: HGF samples were prepared with different stir-frying temperature and time. The contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and other four main carbohydrates were determined by HPLC-ELSD method. HCA and PLS-DA were used to analyze the changes of four main carbohydrates in the stir-frying process. Results: The contents of fructose, glucose, maltose, and other three kinds of reducing sugar showed a downward trend on the whole with temperature increasing. And non-reducing sugar such as sucrose increased firstly and then decreased. HGF under different temperature was divided into three categories by HCA. PLS-DA showed that the stir-frying temperature had main effect on the content of sucrose, and the effect of reducing sugar such as fructose, glucose, and maltose was relatively small. With the extension of stir-frying time, the contents of four carbohydrates decreased and reached steady-state at 16 min. HGF with different stir-frying time was divided into four categories by HCA. Standardized A420 value increased with the frying time increasing, and reached the peak at 16 min. Conclusion: The contents of reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, and amino acids decreased in HGF, which is caused by Maillard reaction directly or indirectly in stir-frying process. The products of Maillard reaction may be associated with digestion effect of HGF.

A retrospective study of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal tumors / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)for the treatment of colorectal tumors, and to analyze risk factors affecting operation time. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using data of 74 cases with colorectal tumor,who underwent ESD in Department of Gastroenterology of Wuhan University Renmin Hospital from January 2014 to September 2015. The clinical efficacy of ESD, occurrence of complications and follow-up results were summarized,and the risk factors of operation time were analyzed. Results The rate of ESD en bloc resection and histological complete resection was 97.30%(72/74)and 89.19%(66/74), respectively. Among the 8 cases of histological non-curative resection, 2 cases received appended surgical procedures because of deep invasion of tumor(SM2),6 cases were given close follow-up according to the pathological result of adenomas. Among the 74 cases, no acute hemorrhage or pneumoperitoneum occurred. Four cases (5.41%, 4/74)had postoperative delayed bleeding, and were successfully treated by endoscopic hemostasis. Four cases(5.41%, 4/74)had intraoperative perforation, and were successfully treated by endoscope. No recurrence or abnormal lesions occurred during the follow-up of 15-35 months. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that tumor size was a main risk factor for ESD operation time(P=0.000). Conclusion ESD, as a minimally invasive treatment, is safe and effective for the treatment of colorectal tumors,and the tumor size is a main risk factor of ESD operation time.

The Influence of Secular Trends in Body Height and Weight on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data were obtained from five cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI-for-age Z-score of per the Wold Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Body height and weight for each sex and age were standardized to those reported in 1985 (standardized height: SHY; standardized weight: SWY) and for each sex and year at age 7 (standardized height: SHA; standardized weight: SWA) using the Z-score method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Chinese children was 20.2% among boys and 10.7% among girls in 2010 and increased continuously from 1985 to 2010. Among boys and girls of normal weight, SHY and SHA were significantly greater than SWY and SWA, respectively (P < 0.001). Among boys and girls with overweight/obesity, SHY was significantly lower than SWY (P < 0.001), and showed an obvious decreasing trend after age 12. SHA was lower than SWA among overweight boys aged 7-8 years and girls aged 7-9 years. SHY/SHW and SHA/SWA among normal-weight groups were greater than among overweight and obese groups (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The continuous increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Chinese children may be related to a rapid increase in body weight before age 9 and lack of secular increase in body height after age 12.</p>

Research Progress on Roles of Platelets in Tissue Repair -Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Platelets are known to play a critical role in thrombosis and hemostasis. However, recent studies demonstrated that beyond their role in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets are also involved in the regulation of tissue repair and regeneration. Increasing number of studies on the roles of platelets in tissue repair showed that various growth factors, chemokines as well as cytokines secreted from activated platelets regulate injured tissue repair and regeneration with the main mechanisms being through regulation of cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis, cell apoptosis and survival. Deeply understanding the molecular mechanism of tissue repair induced by platelets might promote their application in clinic. This review discusses the structure and function of platelets, the mechanism of platelet-induced tissue repair as well as clinical application of platelets.

Dynamic change rules of active ingredients and inactive ingredients from Fructus Hordei Germinatus with frying process / 中国中药杂志

It is not scientific to explain that fried Fructus Hordei Germinatus is more effective than row Fructus Hordei Germinatus in resolving food stagnation from the aspects of amylase, tricine and other "active ingredients". In the present experiment, the contents of active ingredients including quercetin, tricine, kaempferol, catechin, ferulic acid and inactive ingredients including 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, acrylamide in frying process were determined by HPLC. The dynamic change rules of active ingredient and inactive ingredients in the frying process were investigated by HCA, PCA and PLS-DA analysis. The results showed that the Fructus Hordei Germinatus samples with different frying temperatures were classified into 4 groups by HCA and PCA analysis. PLS-DA analysis showed that frying temperature mainly impacted the contents of inactive ingredients including 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and acrylamide, with less effects on the contents of active ingredients. Simultaneously, with the increase of time in frying process, the content of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural was significantly increased from 2 min and became stable at 16 min, while the content of acrylamide was increased continuously from 18 min. Based on the variation of the contents of various ingredients, samples at different frying time were classified into 5 groups. The results showed that the content changes of "inactive ingredients" were closely related to the duration and degree of frying process, and the dynamic change rules of "inactive ingredients" can provide scientific basis for evaluating the frying process and elucidating the efficacy mechanism of Fructus Hordei Germinatus.

Antiviral therapy before combined microwave ablation and chemoembolization for patients with he-patocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of hepatitis virus B ( HBV) reactivation af-ter combined percutaneous microwave ablation ( PMWA ) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ( TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) and to study the therapeutic role of preoperative antiviral therapy .Methods The data on 180 HCC patients who were treated with the combined therapy were analyzed .The antivirus group ( n=90 ) received antiviral therapy , while the control group ( n=90 ) did not.HBV-DNA was used to study the reactivation status of HBV after the combined therapy and the role of antiviral therapy .Results The incidence of HBV reactivation was significantly lower in the antivirus group (8.2%, 7/90) than the control group (20.0%, 18/90, P<0.05).A preoperative HBV-DNA level above 104 copies/ml was the only independent risk factor of HBV reactivation (P<0.05).Conclusions The HBV reactivation rate was relatively high in patients with HBV-related HCC after combined PMWA and TACE.Preoperative antiviral therapy significantly reduced HBV reactivation and thus it should be adminis -trated especially to HCC patients with a preoperative HBV-DNA level above 104 copies/ml.

Effects of combined administration of Paeoniae Radix Alba on local pharmacokinetics of six aconite alkaloids by skin microdialysis in vivo / 中国中药杂志

The Aconiti Radix Cocta gel and Aconiti Radix Cocta combined with Paeoniae Radix Alba gel were administered to mice. Physiological saline was taken as perfusate. The perfusion rate was 2 μL•min⁻¹ and the microdialysis samples were collected every 0.5 h intervals for eight times. The six aconitine alkaloids concentration in perfusate were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The concentration-time curves were plotted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed by SPSS. The effects of Paeoniae Radix Alba on transdermal permeation role of six aconitine alkaloids in herb couple of Paeoniae Radix Alba-Aconiti Radix Cocta were investigated. According to the results, Tmax of the three mono-ester aconitum alkaloids of Aconiti Radix Cocta combined with Paeoniae Radix Alba groups were shortened, meanwhile, Cmax and AUC of benzoylaconine and benzoylhypaconine were increased. However, AUC of the three diester-type alkaloids were reduced, with Tmax of hypaconitine prolonged and Cmax lowered. The study suggested that the combined administration of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Paeoniae Radix Alba promoted the transdermal permeation of mono-ester aconitum alkaloids, and inhibited the absorption of parts of diester-type alkaloids. This study proved the decreasing toxicity and increasing efficacy of the combination of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Paeoniae Radix Alba on the transdermal permeation, and provided a reference for studies on the prescription combination regularity and relevant practices.

Influence of repeated TACE treatment interval on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)treatment interval on the prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular caisinoma(HCC).Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of 123 advanced HCC patients treated with repeated TACE.The patients were divided into two groups (group A with fixed repeated treatment interval and group B with that according to the clinical needs).Cox regression,survival curve and log-rank test were used to assess the effects of the treat-ment intervals on prognosis.Results The treatment intervals of the group A and group B were (1.1±0.3)months and (3.0±1.5) months,respectively (P <0.001).Multivariate Cox analysis showed the efficacy (P =0.024)and repetition periods (P <0.001 ) were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion TACE interval is independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with ad-vanced HCC.Repeated TACE treatment according to clinical needs may be more favorable for prognosis of the patients.